Definition 1. - A protocol to replace the x.25 packet switching protocol used in the past. Frame Relay is a simplified version, owing to the vastly improved transmission facilities of today. Much of the x.25 protocol's error checking, re-sync and recovery features are no longer needed, thus Frame Relay is much moer efficient, giving way to to less overhead (control) bytes and the resultant higher overall thruput.

Definition 2. - A fast packet technology initially defined as an ISDN frame mode service. Frame relay uses a minimal set of Data Link Layer procedures across the User-to-Network Interface (UNI), providing unacknowledged transfer of variable length frames between users. Additional Layer 2 and 3 functions must be provided by the end-users. The Layer 2 protocol uses LAPF-Core procedures. The network discards any frame with bit errors. Frame relay offerings today primarily offer permanent virtual circuit (PVC) services independent of ISDN. Switched virtual circuit (SVC) services will use ISDN-like signaling for call control.

Definition 3. - A high-speed packet-switched data communications service, similar to X.25. Frame relay is a leading contender for LAN-to-LAN interconnect services, and is well suited to the bursty demands of LAN environments. See also Permanent Virtual Circuit, Switched Virtual Circuit. Fractional T1 A service in which a customer can use less than 24 channels on a T1 line without paying the cost of the entire line. Front-End Processor (FEP) A communications computer associated with a host computer that manages the lines and routing of data through the network.

Definition 4. - A protocol for connecting computers on a WAN. Frame Relay Atlanta networks are in some cases being replaced by faster technologies, including ATM.

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Frame Relay was developed to solve communication problems that other protocols could not: the increased need for higher speeds, an increased need for large bandwidth efficiency, particularly for clumping ("bursty" traffic), an increase in intelligent network devices that lower protocol processing, and the need to connect LANs and WANs. Like X.25, Frame Relay is a packet-switched protocol. But the Frame-Relay process is streamlined. There are significant differences that make Frame Relay a faster, more efficient form of networking. A Frame-Relay network doesn't perform error detection, which results in a considerably smaller amount of overhead and faster processing than X.25. Frame Relay is also protocol independent-it accepts data from many different protocols. This data is encapsulated by the Frame-Relay equipment, not the network.

'Today's LANs and computing equipment have the potential to run at much higher speeds and transfer very large quantities of data. With the diversity and complexity of today's networks, management can be a mammoth task if you don't have the proper tools. Each environment is a unique combination of equipment from different vendors. Frame Relay uses a packet-switching technology, similar to X.25, but is more efficient. As a result, it can make your networking quicker, simpler, and less costly.

Frame Relay sends information in packets called frames through a shared Frame-Relay network. Each frame contains all the information necessary to route it to the correct destination. So in effect, each endpoint can communicate with many destinations over one access link to the network. And instead of being allocated a fixed amount of bandwidth, Frame-Relay services offer a CIR (committed information rate) at which data is transmitted. But if traffic and your service agreement allow, data can burst above your committed rate. Since Frame Relay has a low overhead, it's a perfect fit for today's complex networks. You get several clear benefits: First, multiple logical connections can be sent over a single physical connection, reducing your internetworking costs. By reducing the amount of processing required, you get improved performance and response time. And because Frame Relay uses a simple link layer protocol, your equipment usually requires only software changes or simple hardware modifications, so you don't

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